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This is a first public draft of the core part of FHISO’s proposed suite of standards on Citation Elements. This document is not endorsed by the FHISO membership, and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time.
In particular, some examples in this draft use citation elements that are not even included in the draft Citation Element Vocabulary. These elements are very likely to be changed as the vocabulary progresses.
The public tsc-public@fhiso.org mailing list is the preferred place for comments, discussion and other feedback on this draft.
FHISO’s suite of Citation Elements standards provides an extensible framework and vocabulary for encoding all the data about a genealogical source that might reasonably be included in a formatted citation to that source.
This document defines the general concepts used in FHISO’s suite of Citation Elements standards, and the basic framework and data model underpinning them. Other standards in the suite are as follows:
Citation Elements: Vocabulary. This standard defines a collection of citation elements allowing the representation of information normally found in formatted citations to diverse types of source.
Citation Elements: Bindings for RDFa. This standard defines a means by which citation elements may be identified and tagged using RDFa attributes within HTML and XML formatted citations, allowing a computer to extract them in a systematic manner.
Citation Elements: Bindings for GEDCOM X. This standard defines extensions to the GEDCOM X data model and its JSON and XML serialisations to allow citation elements to be represented in GEDCOM X.
Citation Elements: Bindings for ELF. This standard defines how citation elements should be represented in FHISO’s Extensible Legacy Format (ELF), a format based on and compatible with GEDCOM 5.5, but with the addition of a new extensibility mechanism.
Where this standard gives a specific technical meaning to a word or phrase, that word or phrase is formatted in bold text in its initial definition, and in italics when used elsewhere. The key words must, must not, required, shall, shall not, should, should not, recommended, not recommended, may and optional in this standard are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119].
An application is conformant with this standard if and only if it obeys all the requirements and prohibitions contained in this document, as indicated by use of the words must, must not, required, shall and shall not, and the relevant parts of its normative references. Standards referencing this standard must not loosen any of the requirements and prohibitions made by this standard, nor place additional requirements or prohibitions on the constructs defined herein.
If a conformant application encounters data that does not conform to this standard, it may issue a warning or error message, and may terminate processing of the document or data fragment.
Indented text in grey or coloured boxes, such as preceding paragraph, does not form a normative part of this standard, and is labelled as either an example or a note.
The grammar given here uses the form of EBNF notation defined in §6 of [XML], except that no significance is attached to the capitalisation of grammar symbols. Conforming applications must not generate data not conforming to the syntax given here, but non-conforming syntax may be accepted and processed by a conforming application in an implementation-defined manner.
A source is any resource from which information is obtained during the genealogical research process. Sources come in many forms, including manuscripts, artefacts, books, films, people, recordings and websites. A full mechanism for describing sources is beyond the scope of this standard.
A source derivation is a directional link between two sources, incidating that the first source was derived from, cites or otherwise references the second source. The first source is referred to as the derived source, and the second the base source.
A citation is an abstract reference to a specific source from which information has been used in some context. It should include sufficient detail that a third-party could readily locate the information themselves, assuming the source remains accessible.
A formatted citation is a citation that has been rendered into human-readable form, typically as a sentence or short paragraph that might be used as a footnote, endnote, tablenote or bibliography entry. There is no single standard on the correct form of formatted citations; many different style guides exist, each giving their own rules on how to construct a formatted citation.
A formatted citation produced for use in a footnote on the first use of the source, and conforming to [Chicago] might read:
1 Christian Settipani, Les ancêtres de Charlemagne, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Prosopographia et Genealogica, 2015), 129–31.
The 1 at the start of the citation is the hypothetical footnote number.
A layered citation is a citation that includes information about several sources between which source derivation links exist. The information in a layered citation about a specific source, whether the consulted source or one of sources from which it was derived, is known as a citation layer. A citation with just a single citation layer is called a single-layer citation.
The citation layer containing the information about the specific source which was consulted is known as the head citation layer. For a single-layer citation, its sole citation layer is necessarily the head citation layer.
A citation to a census return that was consulted on microfilm might contain information about the microfilm and as well as information about the census return, as in the following formatted citation from [Evidence Explained]:
1810 U.S. census, York County, Maine, town of York, p. 435 (penned), line 9, Jabez Young; NARA microfilm publication M252, roll 12.
In this example, the information before the semicolon pertains to the census return, while the information after it pertains to the microfilm. The microfilm and the census return are different sources, and a source derivation exists between them as the microfilm is derived from the census return. The information in the citation about microfilm forms the head citation layer, while the information about the census return forms a separate citation layer. As the citation contains two citation layers, it is an example of a layered citation.
In this example, the head citation layer is not presented first in the formatted citation. Whether the head citation layer is presented first is a matter of style and emphasis, and it is common not to present the head citation layer first when it is a photographic or digital reproduction, as in this case.
A citation element is a logically self-contained piece of information in a citation layer that might reasonably be included in a formatted citation. As this standard does not aim to provide facilities for the exhaustive description of sources, information about sources that is not normally included in formatted citations is not considered to be a citation element. Citation elements are represented in a sufficiently structured and language-independent way that applications can parse and reformat it in different styles and languages as needed.
The accompanying Citation Elements: Vocabulary standard defines many citation elements, covering the information normally found in formatted citations to a wide range of common sources. Applications may define their own citation elements or use those defined by a third-party standard; such citation elements are known as extension citation elements. Conforming applications must not discard unrecognised extension citation elements, other than at the instruction of the user, but may opt not to display them.
A citation element set is a collection of citation elements that completely encode the information about a source that is present in a particular citation layer.
The example formatted citation to Les ancêtres de Charlemagne is represented by a citation element set containing the following seven citation elements:
Settipani, Christian”.Les ancêtres de Charlemagne”.2”.Oxford”.Prosopographia et Genealogica”.2015”.129-131”.The footnote number is not a citation element as it does not pertain to the source. The author and page range are not expressed here in quite the same form as the formatted citation, but an application can readily parse them to convert them to the required format because their format is defined by this standard.
When provided with the citation element set for each citation layer in the citation, knowledge of which is the head citation layer, information about the source derivations between sources referred to in each citation layer, and any necessary internal state, an application ought to be able to produce algorithmically a formatted citation in a reasonable approximation to any mainstream citation style. If higher quality formatted citations are desirable, applications should allow users to manually edit them to fine-tune their presentation, and should store the result for reuse. Formatted citations need not include all the information from a citation element set if the style dictates that certain information is omitted in the relevant context.
Citation element sets should not include citation elements for information that is not normally included in a formatted citation. They are not intended to provide a general mechanism for storing arbitrary information about sources.
Characters are specified by reference to their code point number in [ISO 10646], without regard to any particular character encoding. In this standard, characters may be identified in this standard by their hexadecimal code point prefixed with “U+”.
Characters must match the Char production from [XML].
Char ::= [#1-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] | [#x10000-#x10FFFF]A string is a sequence of zero or more characters.
string datatype defined in [XSD Pt2], used in many XML and Semantic Web technologies.
Applications may convert any string into Unicode Normalization Form C, as defined in any version of Unicode Standard Annex #15 [UAX 15].
Characters matching the RestrictedChar production from [XML] should not appear in strings, and applications may process such characters in an implementation-defined manner or reject strings containing them.
RestrictedChar ::= [#x1-#x8] | [#xB-#xC] | [#xE-#x1F]
| [#x7F-#x84] | [#x86-#x9F]RestrictedChars.
Whitespace is defined as a sequence of one or more space characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs. It matches the production S from [XML].
S ::= (#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+Whitespace normalisation is the process of discarding any leading or trailing whitespace, and replacing other whitespace with a single space (U+0020) character.
In the event of a difference between the definitions of the Char, RestrictedChar and S productions given here and those in [XML], the definitions in the latest edition of XML 1.1 specification are definitive.
In the data model defined by this standard, a citation element consists of two parts, both of which are required:
A citation element set is defined to be an ordered list of citation elements; conformant applications may reorder the list subject to the following constraints:
The relative order of citation elements must be preserved when they have the same ultimate super-element.
When a citation element set contains a citation element with the citation element name http://terms.fhiso.org/sources/translatedElement, the previous element in citation element set with a different citation element name is referred to as its translation base. The translation base of any translatedElement citation element must not change if a citation element set is reordered.
translatedElements per §3.4.1 of this standard, and then removing them from the citation element set.
The citation element name is an identifier used to identify what information the citation element contains. It is a string that shall take the form of an IRI matching the IRI production in §2.2 of [RFC 3987].
The [CEV Vocabulary] defines a citation element for the title of a source. It has the citation element name
http://terms.fhiso.org/sources/titleAn IRI must not be used as a citation element name unless it is the citation element name of a citation element defined in the manner required by §3 of this standard.
The citation elements defined in this standard all have citation element names that begin http://terms.fhiso.org/. It is recommended that any extension citation elements also use the http IRI scheme defined in §2.7.1 of [RFC 7230], and an authority component consisting of just a domain name (or subdomain) under the control of the party defining the extension citation elements.
http IRI scheme is recommended because the IRI is used to fetch a resource during discovery, and it is desirable that applications implementing discovery should only need to support a minimal number of transport protocols.
It is recommended that an HTTP 1.1 GET request to a citation element name IRI with an http scheme (once converted to a URI per §3.1 of [RFC 3987]), if made without an Accept header, should result in a 303 “See Other” redirect to a document containing a human-readable definition of the element. It is recommended that this definition is in HTML, and that documentation in alternative formats may be made available when the request includes a suitable Accept header, per §5.3.2 of [RFC 7231].
Parties defining extension citation elements may arrange for them to support discovery. This when an HTTP 1.1 GET request to a citation element name IRI with an http scheme, made with an appropriate Accept header, yields 303 redirect to a machine-readable definition of the citation element.
Citation element names are compared using the “simple string comparison” algorithm given in §5.3.1 of [RFC 3987]. If a citation element name does not compare equal to an IRI known to the application, the application must not make any assumptions on the purpose of the citation element or the meaning of its value based on the IRI.
The following IRIs are all distinct for the purpose of the “simple string comparison” algorithm given in §5.3.1 of [RFC 3987], , even though an HTTP request to them would fetch the same resource.
http://éléments.example.com/nationalité
HTTP://ÉLÉMENTS.EXAMPLE.COM/nationalit%C3%A9
http://xn--lments-9uab.example.com/nationalit%c3%a9An IRI must not be used as a citation element name unless it can be converted to a URI using the algorithm specified in §3.1 of [RFC 3987], and back to a IRI again using the algorithm specified in §3.2 of [RFC 3987], to yield the original IRI.
The citation element value is the content of the citation element. The citation element value shall be a translation set if the citation element contains textual data that is in a particular language or script and which cannot automatically be translated or transliterated as required. Otherwise it shall be a string.
A book published in 2015 would have its year of publication encoded in a citation element with:
http://terms.fhiso.org/sources/publicationDate; and2015”.Even though an application designed for Arabic researchers might need to display the year as “٢٠١٥” using Eastern Arabic numerals, this conversion can be done entirely in the application’s user interface, so a translation set is not required and must not be used.
A translation set is an ordered list of strings, each of which shall be tagged with a language tag to identify the language, and where appropriate the script and regional variant, in which that particular string is written. Each string in a translation set should contain the same information, but translated, transliterated or localised. The language tag shall match the Language-Tag production from [RFC 5646], and should contain a script subtags per §2.2.3 of [RFC 5646] when transliteration has occurred.
The http://terms.fhiso.org/sources/title element’s value is a translation set. This might contain, in order:
Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών” with language tag el, the language code for Greek in [ISO 639-1];Hē Genealogia tōn Komnēnōn” and language tag el-Latn, Latn being the code for the Latin script in [ISO 15924];La généalogie des Comnènes”, tagged with the language code fr.ar and ar-Latn, meaning the Arabic language in its default script and in the Latin script, respectively. An author’s names may also be respelled to conform to the spelling and grammar rules of the reader’s language. An Englishman named Richard may be rendered “Rikardo” in Esperanto: the change of the “c” to a “k” being to conform to Esperanto orthography, while the final “o” marks it as a noun. The respelling would be tagged eo, the language code for Esperanto.
Although the language tags is required, it need not be explicit in the serialisation. A serialisation format may provide a mechanism for stating the document’s default language tag, and may provide a global default which should be a language-neutral choice such as und, defined in [ISO 639-2] to mean an undetermined language. In the absence of an explicit or implicit language tag, applications must not apply their own default, and must treat the string as if it had the language tag und.
lang attribute to provide a default language tag for the document or a part of the document. Thus, if the document begins <html lang="pt_BR">, it is not necessary to tag each string separately for them to be understood to be in Brazilian Portuguese. HTML does not define a default language tag that applies in the absence of a lang tag, and applications must not apply one.
Where possible, the first string in the translation set should be the untranslated, and ideally untransliterated form of the citation element value. If it is known that the only available values are translations, the first string in the translation set should be an empty string tagged with the language tag und, and the translations listed afterwards. An empty string in a translation set means that its value is unknown, rather than that this particular translation is literally an empty string.
Conformant applications may reorder the translation set, but must leave the first string first, so that applications wishing to use the original, untranslated, untransliterated form can do so.
A translation set must not contain more than one string with the same language tag. If an application encounters a translation set with duplicate language tags, it should prefer the first non-empty string with that language tag, and may deduplicate the translation set; where possible it should not deduplicate a translation set that has been reordered from its serialised form.
To deduplicate a translation set, the application shall discard all strings other than the first non-empty string with any given language tag. Before discarding any strings the application shall note the language tag of the first string in the translation set. If a string with that language tag remains after deduplication, the application shall ensure it is the first string in the deduplicated translation set; if there is not, the application shall insert any empty string with that language tag as the first string in the translation set.
If an application needs to merge two or more translation sets, the contents of each translation sets shall be combined in order, and the application must deduplicate the resultant translation set.
An earlier draft of this standard put the language tag in the citation element, and made the citation element value a list. This had the problem that all list values had to be available in all languages or scripts. This caused problems with lists of authors containing names in different native scripts.
The earlier draft also said that the original untransliterated, untranslated value should not have a language tag. This allowed applications to pick out the original version, but left no way of distinguishing between translated and transliterated versions.
These problems are solved in this version.
If translation sets are being serialised in XML, it is recommended that the special xml:lang attribute defined in §2.12 of [XML] is used to encode the language tag.
Applications should apply whitespace-normalisation to any string in a citation element value. This applies both to strings in translation sets and when they are the citation element value directly.
In addition to describing the intended purpose of the citation element, the definition of a citation element (regardless of whether it is one of those defined in this standard, or whether it is a conformant extension citation element) shall state:
A citation element may be defined as a sub-element of another citation element, referred to as its super-element. This is used to provide a refinement of a general citation element. If an application is unfamiliar with the sub-element it may process it as if it were the super-element, with its value unchanged. The sub-element must be defined in such as way that this only results in some loss of meaning, and does not imply anything false about the cited source.
The [CEV Vocabulary] defines a citation element with the name
http://terms.fhiso.org/sources/creatorNamewhich contains name of a person, organisation or other entity who created or contributed to the creation of the source. Several sub-elements of it are defined, including
http://terms.fhiso.org/sources/interviewerNamewhich contains the name of an interviewer when the source is an interview. An interviewer can certainly be considered to have contributed to the creation of the interview.
The [CEV Vocabulary] also defines a citation element with the name
http://terms.fhiso.org/sources/recipientNamewhich contains the party to whom a source such as a letter is addressed. In many respects it is similar to the sub-elements of creatorName, but because a recipient of a letter cannot be said to have created or contributed to the creation of the letter, and might not even be aware of its existence if it were not delivered, the recipientName element cannot be defined as a sub-element of creatorName.
The range and translatability of a sub-element shall be the same as that of its super-element.
Any sub-element of a single-valued super-element must be single-valued.
A citation element’s super-element list is an ordered list of IRIs defined inductively as follows. If the citation element is not a sub-element, then its super-element list contains just its citation element name. Otherwise, its super-element list is the super-element list of its super-element to which its own citation element name is appended.
A citation element’s ultimate super-element is defined as the first IRI in its super-element list.
The ultimate single-valued super-element of a single-valued citation element is defined as the first IRI in its super-element list that is the name of an citation element that is single-valued.
The most-refined common super-element of a collection of citation elements is defined as the last IRI that appears in the super-element list of every citation elements in the collection. It is only defined for citation elements that share a ultimate super-element.
The range of a citation element is a class, which is a formal description of the set of possible citation element values for the citation element, giving both their lexical form and their semantics. Classes are identified by a class name which shall take the form of an IRI.
The [CEV Vocabulary] defines a class for representing the names of authors and other people, which has the class name
http://terms.fhiso.org/sources/AgentNameIt is the range of several citation elements including
http://terms.fhiso.org/sources/editorNameThe class name for the class of strings is:
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#stringIf an application encounters a citation element value that does not conform to the definition of the class used as the range of the citation element, it may remove the citation element or may convert it to a valid value in an implementation-defined manner.
http://terms.fhiso.org/sources/publicationDate element defined in the [CEV Vocabulary] is an [ISO 8601]-compatible date. An application encountering a date “8 Okt 2000” in a publicationDate element in dataset that uses German as its default language may convert this to “2000-10-08”.
The cardinality of a citation element records how many semantically distinct values it can have. A multi-valued citation element is one that can logically have multiple values in a single citation. It should be reserved for situations where the values genuinely contains different information, and not used to accommodate transliterations, translations, or variant forms of something that is logically a single value. Citation elements that are not multi-valued are single-valued.
http://terms.fhiso.org/sources/title citation element is defined to be single-valued, as citations do not refer to the same sources by multiple titles (though they may translate or transliterate the title), so a citation element set must not contain more than one title; but it may contain several http://terms.fhiso.org/sources/authorName citation elements, as that is defined to be multi-valued to accommodate sources with several authors.
Multiple instances of single-valued citation element in the same citation element set with the same ultimate single-valued super-element are known as duplicate citation elements. Citation element sets should not contain duplicate citation elements, and an application must not knowingly create duplicate citation elements. When duplication citation elements are present, they can be deduplicated according to the rules below.
If an application encounters a duplicate citation element that is known to be not translatable, the application should favour the first of the duplicate citation elements and may deduplicate the citation element set by discarding the other duplicate citation elements.
If an application encounters a duplicate citation element that is either known to be translatable or whose translatability is unknown, the application should deduplicate the citation element set by replacing the duplicate citation elements with a single replacement citation element with the following properties:
This standard needs to define how to merge citation element sets. The following text is a start towards that.
If an application needs to merge two or more citation element sets, the contents of each citation element set shall be combined in order. The application shall identify any sets of duplicate citation elements in the combined citation element set and deduplicate them according to the rules above. An application may use one or more discovery mechanism to attempt to obtain machine-readable definitions of any extension citation element used in the citation element set before identifying duplicate citation elements.
However the merger of multi-valued elements requires thought too. Even though the data model doesn’t require deduplication, it is still necessary to prevent duplication of, say, authors.
If a citation element is defined to be translatable, then its citation element value shall be a translation set, and the citation element’s range applies to each string in the translation set. If it is not translatable, then the citation element value shall be a single string. Citation elements with non-textual citation element values such as numbers or dates must be defined as not translatable.
If an application encounters a citation element which is known to be not translatable, but whose citation element value is a translation set, the application may convert the translation set to a string by discarding all but the first string in the translation set. If the translation set contains only one string, and if that string conforms to the range of the citation element, this conversion should be done.
If an application encounters a citation element whose citation element value is a string, but where the application knows the citation element to be defined as translatable, the application should convert the string to a translation set by tagging it with the language tag und (defined in [ISO 639-2] as representing an undetermined language).
Conformant applications must support citation elements that are both multi-valued and translatable, and must ensure that the translation set for each citation element value remains separate.
The authorName citation element is defined to be both multi-valued and translatable because a source may have multiple authors, each of whom may have names that have been transliterated into different scripts. Suppose a researcher wants to cite the Anglo-Japanese Treaty document of 1902 which was (at least nominally) authored by the Marquess of Lansdowne and Count Hayashi Tadasu whose name is written in kanji as 林 董.
The following JSON serialisation is not allowed as it flattens translation set so it is no longer possible to determine how many authors there are, and which names are translations of which others.
[ { "name": "http://terms.fhiso.org/terms/title",
"lang": "en", "value": "The Anglo-Japanese Treaty" },
{ "name": "http://terms.fhiso.org/terms/authorName",
"lang": "en", "value": "Lord Lansdowne" },
{ "name": "http://terms.fhiso.org/terms/authorName",
"lang": "jp", "value": "林 董" },
{ "name": "http://terms.fhiso.org/terms/authorName",
"lang": "jp-Latn", "value": "Hayashi Tadasu" } ]This is an example of a list-flattening format that does not conform to this specification; a list-flattening format that does conform to this specification is found in the next example.
A serialisation format that does not keep the translation sets of each citation element value separate is called a list-flattening format, and this standard provides a facility to allow such formats to comply with this standard by introducing a special citation element with the following properties:
| Name | http://terms.fhiso.org/sources/translatedElement |
| Range | http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string |
| Cardinality | multi-valued |
| Translatability | translatable |
| Super-element | none |
In a list-flattening format, an application must consider every value to be a separate citation element value, and therefore to be a translation set with one element.
When a translation set with two or more strings needs to be serialised in a list-flattening format, the first string must be serialised according to the normal rules of the format, and subsequent strings must be serialised as if they were separate citation element, but with the translatedElement citation element name in place of the actual citation element name. This special citation element indicates that its value is not a distinct citation element and should instead be appended to the translation set of its translation base (i.e. the last preceding citation element which is not a translatedElement), and the translatedElement removed from the citation element set.
The hypothetical JSON serialisation in the last example can be fixed by using a translatedElement to serialise the transliterated version of Hayashi’s name:
[ { "name": "http://terms.fhiso.org/terms/title",
"lang": "en", "value": "The Anglo-Japanese Treaty" },
{ "name": "http://terms.fhiso.org/terms/authorName",
"lang": "en", "value": "Lord Lansdowne" },
{ "name": "http://terms.fhiso.org/terms/authorName",
"lang": "jp", "value": "林 董" },
{ "name": "http://terms.fhiso.org/terms/translatedElement",
"lang": "jp-Latn", "value": "Hayashi Tadasu" } ]The two authorName element are assumed to be separate citation elements and therefore to refer to different authors. The use of translatedElement signifies that this is not a different author. It immediately follows an authorName citation element with the value 林 董, and its value (“Hayashi Tadasu”, tagged as jp-Latn) should be appended to that translation set.
translatedElements occurs. Ideally an application should do it during the process of reading a list-flattening format, but may do it later or not at all. If the application subsequently serialise the data in a non-list-flattening format, the translatedElements may still be present. Therefore applications reading non-list-flattening format should cope with the possibility of translatedElements being present.
If the translation base does not have a translation set as its citation element value (i.e. if its value is just a string), the translatedElement should be ignored and may be removed from the citation element set. If the translation base is a translation set that already contains a string with the same language tag, an application must not overwrite or duplicate a language tag; the translatedElement should be ignored and may be removed from the the citation element set.
The use of list-flattening formats is not recommended except where there is a good technical reason. The use of translatedElements other than in list-flattening formats is not recommended.
In the data model defined in this standard, a citation layer a citation layer is represented with two components, both of which must be present:
A citation is represented with the following three parts:
The layer identifier of each citation layer shall be unique within a given citation. It exists only to provide a means of referring to citation layers in layer derivation links and when identifiying the head citation layer; its value must not be used in other contexts. Applications may re-assign layer identifiers at any time.
This standard places no restriction on the form of a layer identifier. Implementations may use integers, IRIs or other convenient strings, but they may also use other means such as pointers to data structures in memory to represent the links represented in this standard by layer identifiers. Serialisation formats will place their own restrictions on the form of a layer identifier which may different between serialisation formats.
In the common case of a singe-layer citation, the set of layer derivation links will be empty. In this case, the layer identifier of the citation layer is immaterial and an empty string could be used. This means that a single-layer citation can be represented using just a citation element set.
Applications should not reorder the list of citation layers, other than at the request of the user. The order of the citation layers is an indiciation of the preferred order for displaying the citation layers, and should begin with the one considered most important which need not necessarily be the head citation layer. Applications may ignore this order when displaying or formatting citation layers.
When the sources represented by two citation layers are linked by a source derivation, a layer derivation link is used to encode this. It has three parts, all of which are required:
The two layer identifiers in the layer derivation link shall refer to citation layers present in the current citation. If an unknown layer identifier is present, applications may discard the layer derivation link.
The source derivation type shall be either an IRI defined in accordance with a future FHISO standard on source derivation types, or the following IRI which represents the most general case of derivation supported in this data model:
http://terms.fhiso.org/sources/derivedFromApplications may discard any IRI that it knows does not conform to the above requirement.
derivedFrom source derivation type. The Source Derivation Vocabulary standard will also provide a mechanism for third parties to provider their own extension source derivation types, and provide a means of determining whether a given IRI is a source derivation type. If this document is ready for standardisation at the same time as this document, the previous paragraph will be updated to reference it.
A citation layer is directly derived from another citation layer if there exists a layer derivation link whose first layer identifier is that of the former citation layer and whose second layer identifier is that of the latter citation layer. The direct base citation layer set of a citation layer is the set of citation layers from which the first citation layer is directly derived.
The complete base citation layer set of a citation layer is defined recursively as follows. The citation layer itself is part of its complete base citation layer set. It also contains every citation layer in the complete base citation layer set of every citation layer in its direct base citation layer set.
The complete base citation layer set of the head citation layer shall contain every citation layer in the citation. If an application encounters a citation for which this is not the case, it may discard any citation layers that are not in the complete base citation layer set of the head citation layer.